What do you say when people ask you what you do? The key is to be able to say something that makes your listener perk up and engage you in a more meaningful conversation. You don’t want to be one of those people who goes on and on and on about yourself. You want a 10-second introduction that causes your listener to say, “Really? Tell me more.” You also want to give them a visual image of your work.
Art, Culture, Actuality, Tourism: MASQUE BOZOMali et Niger, Afrique de l'ouestCel wh...
Art, Culture, Actuality, Tourism: MASQUE BOZOMali et Niger, Afrique de l'ouestCel wh...: MASQUE BOZO Mali et Niger, Afrique de l'ouest Cel whatsapp +5521981838334 Mail: laquintine@gmail.com Les bozo consti...
MASQUE BOZO
Mali et Niger, Afrique de l'ouest
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Les bozo constituent un groupe spécifique n'ayant avec les populations qui les environnent que quelques affinités peu suffisantes pour les assimiler complètement à celles-ci. C'est à tort que d'aucuns ont qualifié les bozo de gens de caste dans toute l'acceptation de cette appellation, car, d'origine noble et devenus émigrants à l'issue de la décadence de l'empire du Ghana dont ils faisaient partie, ils ont choisi d'être pêcheurs, parce que s'étant trouvés au bout de leur errance aux bords du Niger ils ont entrepris alors d'exploiter les ressources de ce fleuve pour subvenir à leur subsistance.
Ensuite, améliorant peu à peu leurs techniques, ils firent, en fin de compte, de la pêche leur principale activité à laquelle ils ajoutèrent quasi-monopole de la batellerie. C'est ainsi qu'ils devinrent les " maîtres de l'eau ". Puis empruntant aux aborigènes des lieux où ils se fixèrent certaines des coutumes de ceux-ci, ils les combinèrent avec celles qu'ils avaient rapportées de leur pays d'origine et créèrent ainsi des traditions distinctes dans une large mesure, de celles des grands groupes ethniques.Dans la région de Mopti, tout juste à l’ouest du pays Dogon et au-dessus de chez les Bambara, les Bozo constituent un groupe bien spécifique. Ils ont si peu d’affinités avec les populations qui les environnent qu’il ne serait pas raisonnable de les assimiler complètement à celles-ci.
Anciennement structurés en groupe sous la forme d’une société donnant pouvoirs à une sorte de noblesse, laquelle émigra à l’issue de la décadence
de l’empire du Ghana au XIe siècle dont ils faisaient partie, les Bozo devinrent pêcheurs ; car s’étant trouvés au bout de leur errance aux bords du fleuve Niger, ils entreprirent alors d’exploiter les ressources de ce cours d’eau d’abord pour raison de subsistance. Au fil du temps, leurs techniques s’améliorant, la pêche devint leur activité principale. Et à force de navigation sur le fleuve, ils ajoutèrent à leur carrière le quasi-monopole de la batellerie. C’est ainsi que l’ont dit des Bozo qu’ils sont « les maîtres de l’eau ». Durant ce temps, empruntant aux aborigènes des lieux où ils se fixèrent certaines des coutumes de ceux-ci, ils les combinèrent avec celles qu’ils avaient rapportées de leur pays d’origine. D’où cette importante distinction de leurs traditions d’avec celles des grands groupes ethniques qui les entourent.
On relève notamment de nombreux masques utilisés pour les prières-incantations des pêcheurs. Avant de mettre les pirogues sur l’eau, ils tentent de dominer les pouvoirs des esprits malfaisants et de s’attirer les bonnes grâces des bienfaisants. Parfois ils sacrifient un bélier, animal primordial et même déifié chez les Bozo, au-dessus des eaux du fleuve. Les marionnettes jouent un rôle important chez ce peuple, éducatif et aussi ludique : Appellées Sogow, elles sont mises en mouvement lors de contes relatant les forces de la nature, les génies de la brousse, le monde invisible chez les animaux et les humains. Les Manin sont d’autres poupées utilisées pour des contes d’initiation à la maternité. Ces spectacles de marionnettes sont d’une grande importance dans la société Bozo : les spectacles de la journée se nomment Tlefedow, ceux du soir, Sufe Dow. Parfois, ce sont les Dji Kan Do, des marionnettes en mouvement sur des pirogues le long du fleuve.
Les spectateurs suivent le spectacle itinérant en marchant en procession le long de la rive. Les Bozo, qui sont les plus anciens occupants de cette région du Mali, tous pêcheurs et bateleurs selon la tradition, assurent qu’ils sont nés des « premières jumelles ». Ils rendent un culte au génie de l’eau Faro. Le bélier est un animal valorisé dans toute cette région. Selon les Bozo, il aurait été sacrifié une première fois par Faro, pour réparer les fautes commises par Mousso Koroni, l’ « antique petite femme ». Alors, à une ère de désordre, de violence et de stérilité, succéda une période de prospérité, d’ordre et de paix.
By Steve Foreman ismael
Masque KUBA
République Démocratique du Congo, Afrique centrale
Peuples voisins: Tshokwé, Luba
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Punu
Gabon, Congo: Central Africa
neighboring peoples: Ashira, Mpongwe, Kota, Fang, Kongo
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The most common types of objects found are carved masks, which have been stylistically compared to Japanese art. They also carve standing reliquary figures, which watch over the bones of the deceased.
Although not much is known about the history of the Punu, linguistic evidence suggests that they moved into their current location from an area to the north, possibly driven southward by the Kota and Fang who moved into the area just north of Punu territory in recent centuries. This area had been occupied by various Pygmy peoples prior to Bantu expansion. Punu art forms suggest a connection with their neighbors that may have emerged from a shared history or simply through contact.
There is very little known about the Punu religion, but similarly to their neighbors to the north, the Fang and Kota, the Punu carve wooden reliquary figures which are stylistically different, but similarly attached to a basket carrying the bones of individual family ancestors. This seems to indicate a similarity in religious practices in regard to ancestor worship. There is also an abundance of female masks in this area. Several reports from early travelers in this area link those masks to the Mukui society, about which very little is known. Other reports link them to dances celebrating the female ancestors of the Punu peoples.
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By steve foreman ismael
source africauima
YORUBA
Nigeria, West Africa
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The arts of the Yoruba are as numerous as their deities, and many objects are placed on shrines to honor the gods and the ancestors. Beautiful sculpture abounds in wood and brass and the occasional terracotta. Varied masking traditions have resulted in a great diversity of mask forms. Additional important arts include pottery, weaving, beadworking and metalsmithing
The oral history of the Yoruba describes an origin myth, which tells of God lowering a chain at Ile-Ife, down which came Oduduwa, the ancestor of all people, bringing with him a cock, some earth, and a palm kernel. The earth was thrown into the water, the cock scratched it to become land, and the kernel grew into a tree with sixteen limbs, representing the original sixteen kingdoms. The empire of Oyo arose at the end of the 15th century aided by Portuguese guns. Expansion of the kingdom is associated with the acquisition of the horse. At the end of the 18th century civil war broke out at Oyo, the rebels called for assistance to the Fulani, but the latter ended up conquering all of Oyo by the 1830s. The Fulani invasion pushed many Yoruba to the south where the towns of Ibadan and Abeokuta were founded. In the late 1880s, with the help of a British mediator, a treaty was signed between the various warring factions. Yorubaland was officially colonized by the British in 1901, but a system of indirect rule was established that mimicked the structure of Yoruba governance.
The political and social systems vary greatly in different regions, and allegiance is
uniformly paid to the large urban center in the area, rather than to a singular centralized authority. Each town has a Oba (leader), who may achieve his position in several different ways including inheritance, gaining the position through participation in title associations, or being personally selected by an Oba already in power. Every Oba, however, is considered to be a direct descendant of the founding Oba in each city. A council of chiefs usually assists the Oba in his decisions. Title associations, such as the Ogboni, play an important role in assigning and balancing power within the cities.
The Yoruba claim that they have 401 deities; in truth, there are more than these. The complexity of their cosmology has led Western scholars to compare them to the Ancient Greeks and their impressive pantheon. Yoruba deities are known as orisha, and the high god is Olorun. No organized priesthoods or shrines exist in honor of Olorun, but his spirit is invoked to ask for blessings and to confer thanks. The Yoruba believe that when they die they enter the realm of the ancestors where they still have influence on earth. Annual homage is paid to the grave sites of ones' forbears, and lineage heads are responsible for honoring all deceased members of the lineage through a yearly sacrifice. Egungun (maskers) appear at funerals and are believed to embody the spirit of the deceased person. Other important orishas include Eshu, the trickster; Shango, the god of thunder; and Ogun, the god of iron and modern technology.By steve foreman ismaelsource Africauima
Statuette Dan-Mano
Liberia, Afrique de l'ouest
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Les statuettes Dan-Mano sont très rares. Généralement ce ne sont pas statuettes à fonction magico-mystiques.
En principe ce ne sont pas des représentations d’ancêtres ni d'esprit mais de femme favorite.
celles-ci sont commandées aux sculpteurs afin d'augmenter le prestige du commanditaire.
elles sont appelées "luma" soit "être humain en bois". bien que leur fonction intrinsèque soit oubliée, elles demeurent étroitement liées à la notion de fertilité
by Steve Foreman ismael
Art, Culture, Actuality, Tourism: Thrones of grassfield chiefdomsWest Cameroon, Cent...
Art, Culture, Actuality, Tourism: Thrones of grassfield chiefdomsWest Cameroon, Cent...: Thrones of grassfield chiefdoms West Cameroon, Central Africa people: Bamun, Bamileke, Bali, Bangwa Cel whatsapp +5521981838334 Ma...
Thrones of grassfield chiefdoms
West Cameroon, Central Africa
people: Bamun, Bamileke, Bali, Bangwa
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In the Grassfield of Cameroon , Most Bamileke statues represent the Fon (chief). Masks are also carved. Beautiful beadwork associated with the Fon is common throughout this area. The art styles of the peoples in the Grasslands are very hard to differentiate due to the complex and recent migration patterns that are typical of the region.
The Throne is very special for these tribes. its the symbole of power, the greatness of sovereignty.
Here is the stone where your fathers' family have sat before they were called to the throne, and it is on this very stone that you sit to-day[;] you are therefore king. May Yoruban [God] bless you. . . . May Yoruban grant you many children and may your war-spear be mighty and your work strong. May Yoruban give you much and good advice increase your wealth; . . . Yoruban accepts you as king of the Bamum.
By Steve foreman ismael—Njoya, as cited in M. D. W Jeffreys
Within the Grassfields region of northwestern Cameroon, the Bamileke and Bangwa chiefdoms in the west and the Kom kingdom of the northwest developed distinctive sculptural genres that powerfully evoked past leaders. Among the Bangwa, freestanding sculptures, referred to as lefem, depicting royal ancestors in seated or active stances physically documented a particular reign within a line of succession. At Kom, effigy thrones that synthesized seats of office with majestic lifesize representations of a fon and his key female relations were the state's most esteemed possessions. Never used as functional thrones, they were the focal point of installation rites at which their presence was essential to the legitimate transfer of a fon'stitle.
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